Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Advanced Dual‐Ion Batteries with High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus

doi: 10.1002/advs.202201116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrochemical performance of the BP‐C composite in constant current cycling (de‐)lithiation experiments in BP‐C || Li metal cells: a) specific delithiation capacity and b) C Eff of long‐term cycling experiments with different electrolytes at 0.2C (1C = 1484 mA g –1 ) in a voltage range of 0.01–2 V after five formation cycles at 0.1C in two‐electrode coin cells. c) Delithiation capacities (I) and C Eff (II) as well as d) corresponding potential profiles at various specific currents with 3.4 m LiTFSI in DMC as an electrolyte operated in three‐electrode cells (WE: BP‐C; CE and RE: Li metal) operated in a potential range of 0.01–2 V versus Li|Li + .

Article Snippet: The highly concentrated electrolytes, 4 m LiPF 6 (BASF) and 3.4 m LiTFSI (BASF) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC, BASF), were prepared as reported in previous studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Advanced Dual‐Ion Batteries with High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus

doi: 10.1002/advs.202201116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrochemical performance of graphite as a positive electrode material in constant current cycling charge/discharge experiments in graphite || Li metal cells (three‐electrode configuration; half‐cell setup).: a) Potential profiles of graphite at 50 mA g –1 of the second cycle, b) specific discharge capacity and c) C Eff of graphite WE at various specific currents and different upper‐cut‐off potentials (potential window: 3.4‐X versus Li|Li + ) with 3.4 m LiTFSI in DMC as electrolyte.

Article Snippet: The highly concentrated electrolytes, 4 m LiPF 6 (BASF) and 3.4 m LiTFSI (BASF) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC, BASF), were prepared as reported in previous studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Advanced Dual‐Ion Batteries with High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus

doi: 10.1002/advs.202201116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrochemical performance of graphite || BP‐C cells in constant current cycling charge/discharge experiments (two‐electrode configuration, full‐cell setup). a) Scheme of matched full potential profiles of graphite and BP‐C from the third charging step (lithiation/anion intercalation) and the influence of different applied cell voltages with an error margin of 5% and a capacity deviation of 10% (transparent area). b) Specific discharge capacity and c) C Eff as well as voltage efficiency of graphite || BP‐C full‐cells operated between 2.0 V and different upper cutoff cell voltages (4.3 or 4.7 V) at 50 mA g –1 with 3.4 m LiTFSI in DMC as electrolyte. Specific capacities and currents are related to the mass of the positive electrode.

Article Snippet: The highly concentrated electrolytes, 4 m LiPF 6 (BASF) and 3.4 m LiTFSI (BASF) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC, BASF), were prepared as reported in previous studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Advanced Dual‐Ion Batteries with High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus

doi: 10.1002/advs.202201116

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Cell voltage and b) electrode potential curves in different cycles of graphite || BP‐C cells (three‐electrode configuration; full‐cell setup) operated between 2 and 4.3 V or 2 and 4.7 V at a current of 50 mA g –1 (related to the mass of the positive electrode) with 3.4 m LiTFSI in DMC as electrolyte.

Article Snippet: The highly concentrated electrolytes, 4 m LiPF 6 (BASF) and 3.4 m LiTFSI (BASF) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC, BASF), were prepared as reported in previous studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Advanced Dual‐Ion Batteries with High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus

doi: 10.1002/advs.202201116

Figure Lengend Snippet: a) Cell voltage and electrode potential curves in the second cycle of a graphite || BP‐C cell (three‐electrode configuration, full‐cell setup) cycled between 2.0 and 4.7 V with 3.4 m LiTFSI in DMC as electrolyte. b) Ex situ XRD measurements of graphite cathodes and c) ex situ 7 Li MAS NMR measurements of BP‐C anodes at a MAS rate of 25 kHz according to the corresponding SOCs marked in part a). Black dotted line in (c) corresponds to the 7 Li chemical shift of the pristine sample soaked with electrolyte (the signal is caused by residues of the conducting salt on the electrode rather than alloying and/or intercalation).

Article Snippet: The highly concentrated electrolytes, 4 m LiPF 6 (BASF) and 3.4 m LiTFSI (BASF) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC, BASF), were prepared as reported in previous studies.

Techniques: Ex Situ

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Advanced Dual‐Ion Batteries with High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus

doi: 10.1002/advs.202201116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Electrochemical performance of graphite || BP‐C cells (two‐electrode configuration; full‐cell setup; cell voltage: 2.0– 4.7 V, black, and 2.0–4.3 V, gray) and graphite || graphite cells (three‐electrode configuration; full‐cell setup; 2.0–5.0 V, blue) in constant current cycling experiments: a,b) specific discharge capacities related to the mass of the positive electrode and both electrode active materials; c) measured capacity normalized to the first discharge capacity, d) Coulombic efficiency of the cells, e) mean discharge voltage, f) voltage efficiency. 3.4 m LiTFSI in DMC as an electrolyte at a current of 50 mA g –1 (related to the positive electrode).

Article Snippet: The highly concentrated electrolytes, 4 m LiPF 6 (BASF) and 3.4 m LiTFSI (BASF) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC, BASF), were prepared as reported in previous studies.

Techniques:

Journal: Advanced Science

Article Title: Advanced Dual‐Ion Batteries with High‐Capacity Negative Electrodes Incorporating Black Phosphorus

doi: 10.1002/advs.202201116

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of specific discharge energy (first cycle, related to the mass of a) both electrode active materials or b) electrode active materials and active salt), capacity retention and C Eff (10 th cycle) between the graphite || BP‐C cells, graphite || graphite cells and the reported DIBs in literature [ ³⁵ , ³⁶ ] utilizing graphite (G) as the positive electrode. For data published in literature, the specific energy, as shown in (b), was calculated with used LiPF 6 and additionally with LiTFSI to enable a fair comparison. Further information and performance values are described in Supporting Information.

Article Snippet: The highly concentrated electrolytes, 4 m LiPF 6 (BASF) and 3.4 m LiTFSI (BASF) in dimethyl carbonate (DMC, BASF), were prepared as reported in previous studies.

Techniques: